Émigré artist Gottfried Lindauer arrived in New Zealand in 1870, where he established himself as a journeyman artist, open to commissions across a variety of genres. He was soon employed by an Auckland businessman to paint portraits of Māori, who considered it imperative to document a race he respected but whose ancient traditions and culture he saw as receding.

Te Hapuku, born in the late 18th century, was one of the most significant Māori leaders in nineteenth century New Zealand. Initially resistant to European claims on land, he eventually became perhaps the influential Māori in the complex issue of Māori land sales. He died in 1878.