The Library is open over the October long weekend, with reduced hours on Monday 2 October 2023. View the long weekend opening hours here.
Ben Hall, bushranger, carte de visite
FL3312247
On 5 May 1865, the Australian bushranger, Ben Hall was shot and killed by police near Forbes, New South Wales.
Ben Hall was born in Maitland, in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, in May 1837. He started his working life on his father’s farm on the Pages River near Murrurundi. In the 1850s his father was charged with horse-stealing but was acquitted after the principal witness did not show up for the trial.
When Ben was old enough, he took a position as a stockman for Mr Hamilton on the Boyd Station near Wheogo and proved to be a popular man amongst the locals. Hall later worked as a stockman for Mr John Walsh of Wheogo and in 1858 he married his daughter Bridget ‘Bridie’ Walsh. The Hall's set up a farm on land they bought at Sandy Creek, adjacent to Wheogo, with Hall's brother-in-law John Maguire. A few years later Bridget began an affair with James Taylor and while Hall was away mustering, his wife left him to live with Taylor taking their two-year-old son, Henry, with her.
Around this time authorities started associating Hall with bushranging and in 1861 a warrant was issued for his arrest;
Shortly after this warrant was issued, he was arrested by Sir Frederick Pottinger and charged with highway robbery using arms. After spending four or five weeks in the lockup in Orange, he was acquitted and returned to his station at Sandy Creek in May 1862. After being arrested and acquitted a second time, he returned to his farm to find his horses either dead or lost and his property burnt to the ground. Around this time, a bushranger by the name of Patsey Daley robbed the police station at the Pinnacle of all their firearms and made his way to the house of Mr Allport on Lambing Flat Road. Ben Hall was staying at the house and after leaving with Daley was implicated in the theft. Daley joined Frank Gardiner’s gang and it seems Ben Hall followed suit and embarked on the life of a bushranger.
From 1863 to 1865, over 100 robberies are attributed to Ben Hall and his various associates, marking him as one of the most prolific bushrangers in the period. In one instance, Hall and his gang held up Robinson's Hotel in Canowindra, New South Wales and provided all the travellers and the townspeople with food and entertainment. Afterwards, Hall insisted on paying everyone's "expenses.” Soon after this event, his associate Micky Burke was killed at Dunns Plains, then John Vane surrendered to the police and O’Meally was shot dead in an attack on Goimbla station, near Eugowra.
Sketch map showing track and capture of Ben Hall, the Bushranger [undated]
c002430002
On 2 January 1865 Ben Hall, John Gilbert and John Dunn went to the Flag Hotel at Binda. Instead of robbing the place, they joined in with the dancing and other amusements. Later that month, John Dunn shot and killed policeman Samuel Nelson outside a public house in Collector. The authorities had issued a 1000-pound reward for the capture of each member of the gang and Hall decided to leave the country. One of the other gang members, “Coobang Mick”, informed the police of Hall’s whereabouts and claimed the reward.
On the morning of 5 May, Sub-Inspector James Henry Davidson, with five other policemen and two Aboriginal trackers surrounded the bushranger at a billabong 10 miles north of the town of Forbes. Davidson shot Hall with a double-barrelled gun. When Davidson searched Hall’s body he found he was carrying 74 pounds in two leather bags, three gold chains, a gold watch, a portrait of his sister, bullets and three revolvers and a gold ring on his finger.
On 13 May police cornered Gilbert and Dunn, the two remaining members of Hall’s gang, at Dunn’s grandfather’s house near Binalong. In the subsequent shoot-out, Gilbert was killed and Dunn escaped. On 18 December Dunn was captured near Coonamble in New South Wales and taken to trial in Sydney. On 19 January 1866, he was found guilty and sentenced to hang.
The Library holds letters (MLMSS 5518) written by Dunn to his father while he was awaiting execution in Darlinghurst Gaol.
Gaol, Sydney, 2 March 1866
My dear Father
I received your very welcome second letter a few days ago - I say welcome although it conveyed to me the death of my sister. I can sincerely condole with you on this bereavement coming too at such a time, but you will remember that I never sway my little sister and therefore it is why I state that any letter from you under my circumstances is welcome.
I have not yet heard what day is fixed for my execution but it cannot be far off as I was told by Father Dwyer last evening that he had an interview with the Prime Minister and that the law is to take its course.
Under the circumstances it will be advisable for you to come down with my brother without delay - Mother knows how gratified I would be to see her before I die, but don't let her come. It is best not. I can bid her goodbye to you for her, and send her a keepsake by you also. So reason with her about it and persuade her to remain at home.
I have no more to say in this letter. As soon as I hear of "the day" I will let you know.
With love to all believe me dear father, your affectionate Son,
John Dunn was hanged some two weeks after he wrote this letter, on 19 March 1866. Transcripts of John Dunn's other letters are available online.
Geoff Barker, Senior Curator, Research and Discovery
Referenced resources
Items in the State Library Collections
ON 4 Box 41 No 80, American & Australasian Photographic Company, 1870-1873, Court House and Gaol, (where Bushrangers Ben Hall and Johnny Dunn Were Imprisoned), Orange, N.S.W.
Ah 72 item 1, Sketch map showing track and capture of Ben Hall, the Bushranger [186-?] and Warrant, 1861
SAFE/DR 60 Colt Navy belt pistol, 1861, iron with a wooden grip, the barrel is engraved 'N.S.W. Police' 'No. 234', Col. Saml. Colt. New York - U.S. America, No.5897, accompanying the pistol is a note (now at DR 60n) stating that the pistol was used by trooper James Mansfield who assisted in the capture of Ben Hall and other bushrangers.
Ah 136, Extract from Murrurrundi Police Station letter book, March 1849, with entries relating to Benjamin Hall, the elder.
DR 199 Pocket watch, ca. 1863, E. Beckmann London & Sydney, No. 4725, bears the inscription: 'Presented to David Henry Campbell Esq by the residents of the Lachlan and surrounding Districts In token of their admiration of his courageous conduct in successfully resisting the attack of the Bushrangers Gilbert, O'Mealley and Hall upon his household at Goimbla 19th Novr 1863 on which occasion O'Mealley fell by his hand thereby breaking up one of the most desperate gangs of freebooters whoever infested the Western Districts of New South Wales', on display - The Collectors’ Gallery, Case 2, Shelf 26
References
BEN HALL. (1906, October 6). Goulburn Evening Penny Post (NSW : 1881 - 1940), p. 8. Retrieved July 30, 2019, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article104774195 McLellan LL, Benjamin Hall and Family, 1982
BEN HALL. (1865, May 24). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 6. Retrieved July 30, 2019, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5743469
BEN HALL'S GANG AT BINDA. (1865, January 4). Bendigo Advertiser (Vic. : 1855 - 1918), p. 3. Retrieved July 30, 2019, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87929216
THE LATE ENCOUNTER, WITH BEN HALL AND HIS GANG. (1865, January 31). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 3. Retrieved July 30, 2019, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13111866
BEN HALL. (1929, June 7). The Young Chronicle (NSW : 1902 - 1910; 1913 - 1915; 1924 - 1934; 1936 - 1940), p. 3. Retrieved July 30, 2019, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article235327639
INQUEST ON BEN HALL. (1865, May 20). Ovens and Murray Advertiser (Beechworth, Vic. : 1855 - 1918), p. 4. Retrieved July 30, 2019, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article112911905
Further reading
Baglin, D., & Austin, Y. (1979). Ben Hall / photographs: Douglass Baglin ; text: Yvonne Austin. Dee Why, N.S.W.: Summit Books. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1ocrdrt/SLNSW_ALMA2195048210002626
Bradshaw, J. (1890). The Only true account of Frank Gardiner, Ben Hall, and gang : Also Lowry Larry Cummins, the three Jacks, and others who made themselves known in the sixties as lawbreakers / by John Bradshaw. Orange, [N.S.W.]: J. Bradshaw. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1ocrdrt/SLNSW_ALMA21108295650002626
Bleszynski, N. (2005). 'You'll never take me alive' : The life and death of bushranger Ben Hall / Nick Bleszynski. Milsons Point, N.S. W.: Random House. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1ocrdrt/SLNSW_ALMA21132734010002626
Bradley, P. (2006). The Judas covenant : The betrayal and death of Ben Hall / Peter Bradley. Sydney: Yellow Box Books. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1ocrdrt/SLNSW_ALMA21126713210002626
Donohoe, J. (2016). Ben Hall's last days : "the end of the road for Australia's greatest bushranger" / by John Donohoe. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1ocrdrt/SLNSW_ALMA21182190240002626
Donohoe, J. (2014). Ben Hall's treasure : The search for bushranger loot / by John Donohoe. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1ocrdrt/SLNSW_ALMA21128935880002626
Penzig, E. (1996). Ben Hall : The definitive illustrated history / by Edgar Penzig. Katoomba, N.S.W.: Tranter Enterprises. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1ocrdrt/SLNSW_ALMA21120466890002626
Powell, G. (1987). Ben Hall country / [text and photographs by Greg Powell]. Bathurst, N.S.W.: Robert Brown & Associates. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1ocrdrt/SLNSW_ALMA21156582740002626
Smith, J. (2014). Ben Hall / Jane Margaret Smith. (Australian bushrangers). Newport, N.S.W.: Big Sky Publishing. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1ocrdrt/SLNSW_ALMA21127863390002626
White, Adamson, & Adamson, Bartlett. (1920). Ben Hall : Also Mudgee mail robbery, Daniel Morgan, Thunderbolt (Frederick Ward) / [by Charles White] ; edited by Bartlett Adamson. (White, Charles, 1845-1922. History of Australian Bushranging). Sydney: Marchant. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1ocrdrt/SLNSW_ALMA21134644750002626
Online journals
Densley, Kevin. (2008). Ben Hall's Photograph. Quadrant, 52(11), 101. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1bhdi4s/TN_informit061689063259786
Densley, Kevin. (2013). The wilful murder of constable Samuel nelson by Johnny Dunn of Ben hall's gang, main street, collector, New South Wales, January 26, 1865. Southerly, 73(2), 151-152. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1bhdi4s/TN_informit181737185287090
Mabbutt, James. (2016). The legend of Ben Hall. Lamp, The, 73(10), 45. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1bhdi4s/TN_informit528522673964440
Mcfarlane, Brian. (2017). Down under desperado: 'The Legend of Ben Hall' and the Bushranger film. Metro Magazine: Media & Education Magazine, (193), 28-31. https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/permalink/f/1bhdi4s/TN_informit_apaft116877386738151
News
Blogs
Podcasts